Some people might be naturally blessed with pearly whites, but many people aren’t happy with the shade of their teeth.There’s nothing inherently unhealthy about yellower teeth, and staining happens throughout our lives.Norman and Tegan unpack the long history of teeth whitening (with everything from urine to nitric acid) and discuss where there’s potential for harm.References: From Gunpowder to Teeth Whitener: The Science Behind Historic Uses of UrineShades of white: what you should know about teeth whitening - The University of SydneyWhite wine can stain teeth - NatureDo different bleaching protocols affect the enamel microhardness? - PMC Assessment of cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of conventional and whitening kinds of toothpaste on oral mucosa cells: Acta Odontologica ScandinavicaAccidental ingestion of 35% hydrogen peroxide - PMCIf you enjoyed this episode, check these out!How risky is sharing a toothbrush?Why are people taping their mouths?
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What are the health benefits of coffee?
Coffee has been an important part of human cultures for centuries, and it has a long history of being both heralded and demonised.But the more we learn about coffee – even independent from caffeine – the more that comes to light about its potential benefits.Norman and Tegan drink in the evidence so far, which gets down to the nitty gritty of brewing techniques and milk additions. References:Coffee - The Nutrition Source - Harvard School of Public HealthCoffee consumption and risk of endometrial cancer: Findings from a large up-to-date meta-analysisCaffeinated and Decaffeinated Coffee Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: A Systematic Review and a Dose-Response Meta-analysisCoffee consumption and risk of stroke in womenCaffeine, Mental Health, and Psychiatric DisordersAssociation of Coffee Drinking With Mortality by Genetic Variation in Caffeine Metabolism: Findings From the UK BiobankPhysical characteristics of the paper filter and low cafestol content filter coffee brews - ScienceDirect Coffee consumption and mortality from cardiovascular diseases and total mortality: Does the brewing method matter? | European Journal of Preventive CardiologyPhenolic Acid–Amino Acid Adducts Exert Distinct Immunomodulatory Effects in Macrophages Compared to Parent Phenolic Acids | Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry The deep, rich and problematic history of coffee in Australia and worldwide - ABC NewsIf you enjoyed this episode, check these out!Am I addicted to caffeine?Can consuming dairy really give you acne?A single glass of red wine for your health, yeah or nah?
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You'll catch your death! Does cold weather cause colds?
There tend to be more bugs around in winter making everyone snotty and uncomfortable.But does this mean that cold weather causes colds? Well no, viruses cause the common cold.But, as Norman and Tegan explain, winter does set the stage for those viruses to have more moments in the spotlight.References:Understanding the symptoms of the common cold and influenza - PMCCold temperature and low humidity are associated with increased occurrence of respiratory tract infections - ScienceDirect Immune system of cold-exposed and cold-adapted humans | European Journal of Applied PhysiologyImmune changes in humans during cold exposure: effects of prior heating and exerciseCold exposure impairs extracellular vesicle swarm–mediated nasal antiviral immunity - Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Airborne transmission efficiency of SARS-CoV-2 in Syrian hamsters is not influenced by environmental conditions | npj VirusesIf you enjoyed this episode, check these out!Norman tried an ice bath so you don't have toIs NAD+ a miracle anti-ageing supplement?
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Should you go organic if you're worried about pesticides?
Organic fruits and vegetables are one thing, but the label is popping up on packaged foods too.Are they healthier for us because they’re certified organic? How much harm are pesticides doing to our health?Norman and Tegan dig into organic farming to find out whether they’re worth the extra price. References:Organic Certification ExplainedPesticides | Food Standards Australia New Zealand Pesticides impacts on human health and the environment with their mechanisms of action and possible countermeasures - ScienceDirectGlobal analysis shows how pesticides leach into the environment - The University of SydneyEcological impacts and management strategies of pesticide pollution on aquatic life and human beings - ScienceDirectA Systematic Review of Organic Versus Conventional Food Consumption: Is There a Measurable Benefit on Human Health?Cellulose Surface Nanoengineering for Visualizing Food SafetyComparison of Different Home/Commercial Washing Strategies for Ten Typical Pesticide Residue Removal Effects in Kumquat, Spinach and CucumberIf you enjoyed this episode, check these out!Should we all be vegetarian?Can you adapt to allergies or does the dog have to go?
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What we do (and don't) know about tinnitus
What is silence, anyway? Well if you’ve got tinnitus silence can feel like a distant dream.There are many causes of the ringing or buzzing that many people hear despite there being no external sound.Norman and Tegan discuss some of the treatments – current and in the works – that could one day bring some peace and quiet.References:Intrinsic network activity in tinnitus investigated using functional MRIAuditory Resting-State Network Connectivity in Tinnitus: A Functional MRI Study | PLOS OneTargeting the Limbic System: Insights into Its Involvement in Tinnitus - PMC Chronic tinnitus and the limbic system: Reappraising brain structural effects of distress and affective symptoms - PMC Gray matter declines with age and hearing loss, but is partially maintained in tinnitus | Scientific Reports Therapy and Treatment Options | American Tinnitus AssociationEffects of tinnitus retraining therapy on patients with tinnitus: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials | European Archives of Oto-Rhino-LaryngologyEffect of Tinnitus Retraining Therapy vs Standard of Care on Tinnitus-Related Quality of Life: A Randomized Clinical Trial | Otolaryngology Neuromodulation for Treatment of Tinnitus: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis - Wiley Online Library
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