Epigenetics Podcast

Active Motif

Discover the stories behind the science!

Nauka Nauki o Zyciu Technologia

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Single-Molecule Adenine Methylated Oligonucleosome Sequencing Assay (SAMOSA) (Vijay Ramani)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Vijay Ramani from the Gladstone Institute about his work on Single-Molecule Adenine Methylated Oligonucleosome Sequencing Assay (SAMOSA). Our discussion starts with Vijay Ramani's impactful contributions to the field during his time in Jay Shendure's lab, where he worked on several innovative methods, including RNA proximity ligation. This project was conceived during his graduate studies, aiming to adapt techniques from DNA research to investigate RNA structures—a largely unexplored area at the time. We delved into the nuances of his experiences in graduate school, emphasizing how critical it was to have mentors who provided room for creativity and autonomy in experimental design. Dr. Ramani then shares insights about his foray into developing more refined methodologies, such as in-situ DNA Hi-C, a revolutionary protocol tailored for three-dimensional genomic mapping. He explained the rationale behind his projects, comparing the outcomes with contemporaneous advancements in methods like Micro-C. The discussion highlighted the importance of understanding enzyme bias in chromatin studies and the need for meticulous experimental design to ensure the validity of biological interpretations. We further explored exciting advancements in single-cell genomics, specifically Ramani's work on developing sci-Hi-C. This innovative technique leverages combinatorial indexing to allow high-resolution mapping of chromatin architecture at the single-cell level, a significant leap forward in understanding the complexities of gene regulation. As we progress, Ramani detailed his transition from graduate student to independent investigator starting his own lab. He elaborated on the challenges and excitements associated with establishing his research focus in chromatin structure and function using advanced sequencing technologies. Employing various strategies, including the innovative SAMOSA assay, his research seeks to elucidate the mechanisms by which chromatin structure influences transcriptional regulation. We also discussed the heterogeneity of chromatin and its implications for gene expression. Ramani provided a fascinating perspective on how variations in chromatin structure could affect gene activity, highlighting potential avenues for future research that aims to untangle the complex dynamics at play in both healthy and diseased states. References Ramani, V., Cusanovich, D., Hause, R. et al. Mapping 3D genome architecture through in situ DNase Hi-C. Nat Protoc 11, 2104–2121 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2016.126 Nour J Abdulhay, Colin P McNally, Laura J Hsieh, Sivakanthan Kasinathan, Aidan Keith, Laurel S Estes, Mehran Karimzadeh, Jason G Underwood, Hani Goodarzi, Geeta J Narlikar, Vijay Ramani (2020) Massively multiplex single-molecule oligonucleosome footprinting eLife 9:e59404. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.59404 Abdulhay, N.J., Hsieh, L.J., McNally, C.P. et al. Nucleosome density shapes kilobase-scale regulation by a mammalian chromatin remodeler. Nat Struct Mol Biol 30, 1571–1581 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-023-01093-6 Nanda, A.S., Wu, K., Irkliyenko, I. et al. Direct transposition of native DNA for sensitive multimodal single-molecule sequencing. Nat Genet 56, 1300–1309 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-024-01748-0 Related Episodes Epigenetic Mechanisms in Genome Regulation and Developmental Programming (James Hackett) Chromatin Profiling: From ChIP to CUT&RUN, CUT&Tag and CUTAC (Steven Henikoff) Split-Pool Recognition of Interactions by Tag Extension (SPRITE) (Mitch Guttman) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on X Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Epigenetics Podcast on Threads Active Motif on X Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: [email protected]
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Epigenetic Consequences of DNA Methylation in Development (Maxim Greenberg)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Maxim Greenberg from the Institute Jacob Monot about his work on epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in development. In this interview we explore how Dr. Greenberg’s work at UCLA involved pioneering experiments on DNA methylation mechanisms and how this period was marked by significant collaborative efforts within a highly competitive yet supportive lab environment that ultimately lead to publications in high impact journals. His transition to a postdoctoral position at the Institut Curie with Deborah Bourc'his harnessed his expertise in mammalian systems, examining chromatin changes and the implications for embryonic development. Dr. Greenberg explained the nuances of his research, particularly how chromatin modifications during early development can influence gene regulatory mechanisms later in life, providing a compelling narrative about the potential long-term impacts of epigenetic changes that occur in utero. Throughout our conversation, we examined the intricate relationship between DNA methylation and Polycomb repression, discussing how these epigenetic mechanisms interact and the functional outcomes of their regulation. Dr. Greenberg's insights into his recent studies reveal a commitment to unraveling the complexities of enhancer-promoter interactions in the context of epigenetic regulation. References Greenberg, M. V., Ausin, I., Chan, S. W., Cokus, S. J., Cuperus, J. T., Feng, S., Law, J. A., Chu, C., Pellegrini, M., Carrington, J. C., & Jacobsen, S. E. (2011). Identification of genes required for de novo DNA methylation in Arabidopsis. Epigenetics, 6(3), 344–354. https://doi.org/10.4161/epi.6.3.14242 Greenberg, M. V., Glaser, J., Borsos, M., Marjou, F. E., Walter, M., Teissandier, A., & Bourc'his, D. (2017). Transient transcription in the early embryo sets an epigenetic state that programs postnatal growth. Nature genetics, 49(1), 110–118. https://doi.org/10.1038/ng.3718 Greenberg, M., Teissandier, A., Walter, M., Noordermeer, D., & Bourc'his, D. (2019). Dynamic enhancer partitioning instructs activation of a growth-related gene during exit from naïve pluripotency. eLife, 8, e44057. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44057 Monteagudo-Sánchez, A., Richard Albert, J., Scarpa, M., Noordermeer, D., & Greenberg, M. V. C. (2024). The impact of the embryonic DNA methylation program on CTCF-mediated genome regulation. Nucleic acids research, 52(18), 10934–10950. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkae724 Richard Albert, J., Urli, T., Monteagudo-Sánchez, A., Le Breton, A., Sultanova, A., David, A., Scarpa, M., Schulz, M., & Greenberg, M. V. C. (2024). DNA methylation shapes the Polycomb landscape during the exit from naive pluripotency. Nature structural & molecular biology, 10.1038/s41594-024-01405-4. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41594-024-01405-4 Related Episodes DNA Methylation and Mammalian Development (Déborah Bourc'his) Circulating Epigenetic Biomarkers in Cancer (Charlotte Proudhon) Epigenetic Mechanisms in Genome Regulation and Developmental Programming (James Hackett) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: [email protected]
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44:54
R-Loop Biology in Health and Disease (Natalia Gromak)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Natalia Gromak from the University of Oxford about her work on R-Loop biology in health and disease. In this interview Dr. Gromak delves into her significant research on transcription and RNA biology, particularly focusing on the molecular mechanisms involved at transcriptional pause sites. She describes her early work in understanding transcription termination and how her team investigated the role of specific RNA and DNA structures, including R-loops, that could influence polymerase progression. This exploration into R-loops—complexes formed by RNA and DNA interactions—was a key turning point in her research, as she and her colleagues identified their regulatory functions within the human genome. Discussion transitions into her findings regarding the implications of R-loops in diseases like Friedrich's ataxia and Fragile X syndrome. Dr. Gromak then elucidates how the pathological expansion of repeat sequences in these conditions interferes with normal gene expression, and how R-loops exacerbate transcriptional silencing. Throughout her reflection on these discoveries, she emphasizes the importance of studying R-loops beyond merely being a transcriptional byproduct, but as players in gene regulation and potential contributors to disease pathology. The episode also covers her innovative work in characterizing the R-loop interactome through various experimental techniques. She highlights the complexity of R-loop dynamics, including the discovery of protein factors that interact with R-loops and could influence their stability and regulatory functions. Furthermore, she discusses the exciting intersection of RNA modifications, such as m6A, which plays a role in R-loop regulation and presents new avenues for research, particularly pertaining to how disease-specific modifications might alter R-loop behavior. References Cristini, A., Groh, M., Kristiansen, M. S., & Gromak, N. (2018). RNA/DNA Hybrid Interactome Identifies DXH9 as a Molecular Player in Transcriptional Termination and R-Loop-Associated DNA Damage. Cell reports, 23(6), 1891–1905. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.025 Abakir, A., Giles, T. C., Cristini, A., Foster, J. M., Dai, N., Starczak, M., Rubio-Roldan, A., Li, M., Eleftheriou, M., Crutchley, J., Flatt, L., Young, L., Gaffney, D. J., Denning, C., Dalhus, B., Emes, R. D., Gackowski, D., Corrêa, I. R., Jr, Garcia-Perez, J. L., Klungland, A., … Ruzov, A. (2020). N6-methyladenosine regulates the stability of RNA:DNA hybrids in human cells. Nature genetics, 52(1), 48–55. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41588-019-0549-x Related Episodes DNA Replication, Transcription and R-loops (Stephan Hamperl) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: [email protected]
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The Menin-MLL Complex and Small Molecule Inhibitors (Yadira Soto-Feliciano)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Yadira Soto-Feliciano from MIT about her work on the Menin-MLL complex and the effect of small molecules on its stability in leukemia. We explore the pivotal moments that led her to cancer biology during her graduate studies, where her work included ground-breaking research on the role of the plant homeodomain Finger protein-6 (PHF-6) in leukemia. This work bridged the realms of chromatin accessibility, transcription factors, and cancer cell lineage, providing critical evidence for the concept of lineage plasticity in cancer biology—a topic that has gained significant traction in recent years. Dr. Soto-Feliciano discusses how advances in techniques like CRISPR and ChIP-sequencing have shaped her research, enabling deeper insights into the mechanisms underlying cancer cell identity. As our discussion transitions, Dr. Soto-Feliciano shares her experience in David Allis's lab, illustrating how the collaboration across diverse scientific disciplines enhanced her understanding of chromatin biology and generated significant insights into the mechanics of epigenetic regulation. Highlighting a recent 2023 publication, we unpack her findings related to the conserved molecular switch between MLL1 and MLL3 complexes. These discoveries revealed how the application of small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction can alter gene expression and affect leukemia cells’ responses to treatments. We also touch on the operational dynamics within her lab at MIT, established during challenging times marked by the pandemic. Yadira is dedicated to fostering a collaborative and respectful environment among her team, comprised of PhD candidates and research technicians, all sharing a commitment to unraveling the complexities of chromatin regulation. She emphasizes the significance of understanding chromatin scaffold proteins and their role in regulating gene expression and genome organization. References Soto-Feliciano, Y. M., Bartlebaugh, J. M. E., Liu, Y., Sánchez-Rivera, F. J., Bhutkar, A., Weintraub, A. S., Buenrostro, J. D., Cheng, C. S., Regev, A., Jacks, T. E., Young, R. A., & Hemann, M. T. (2017). PHF6 regulates phenotypic plasticity through chromatin organization within lineage-specific genes. Genes & development, 31(10), 973–989. https://doi.org/10.1101/gad.295857.117 Soto-Feliciano, Y. M., Sánchez-Rivera, F. J., Perner, F., Barrows, D. W., Kastenhuber, E. R., Ho, Y. J., Carroll, T., Xiong, Y., Anand, D., Soshnev, A. A., Gates, L., Beytagh, M. C., Cheon, D., Gu, S., Liu, X. S., Krivtsov, A. V., Meneses, M., de Stanchina, E., Stone, R. M., Armstrong, S. A., … Allis, C. D. (2023). A Molecular Switch between Mammalian MLL Complexes Dictates Response to Menin-MLL Inhibition. Cancer discovery, 13(1), 146–169. https://doi.org/10.1158/2159-8290.CD-22-0416 Zhu, C., Soto-Feliciano, Y. M., Morris, J. P., Huang, C. H., Koche, R. P., Ho, Y. J., Banito, A., Chen, C. W., Shroff, A., Tian, S., Livshits, G., Chen, C. C., Fennell, M., Armstrong, S. A., Allis, C. D., Tschaharganeh, D. F., & Lowe, S. W. (2023). MLL3 regulates the CDKN2A tumor suppressor locus in liver cancer. eLife, 12, e80854. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.80854 Related Episodes MLL Proteins in Mixed-Lineage Leukemia (Yali Dou) Targeting COMPASS to Cure Childhood Leukemia (Ali Shilatifard) Contact Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Dr. Stefan Dillinger on LinkedIn Active Motif on LinkedIn Active Motif on Bluesky Email: [email protected]
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Grant Writing in Academia and Industry – Tips for Success (Mary Anne Jelinek)
In this episode of the Epigenetics Podcast, we talked with Mary Anne Jelinek Associate Director of R&D at Active Motif about writing and reviewing grants in academia and industry. Learn from Dr. Jelinek’s years of experience writing and reviewing grants and get her best advice and insight for success. Hear about similarities and differences in preparing grants in academia vs. biotech or other industry settings. Key insights include: Finding Grant opportunities that exist for different sectors and countries, from the familiar ones like NIH and NSF in the United States grant funding offered by NATO for member countries. Learn about grants targeted to small businesses and specific allocation of resources intended to foster and promote innovation and entrepreneurship and how to navigate confidentiality when writing grants in industry, being mindful of conflict of interest and best practices. Coming up with ideas is easy – but how do you find institutes interested in funding those research areas? Get tips on how to submit a 1-page inquiry for feedback and guidance at early stages that will help your grant be robust and successful. Think you can go from idea to funding in 4 weeks? She has and discusses the best strategy to do this - collaboration is key and you’ll learn why. Get tips on wording and writing for reviewers who may not be experts in your field and how to “paint a picture” that makes it both clear and persuasive, including your writing style and use of diagrams and figures for those complex concepts. Hear all of Dr. Jelinek’s “best advice” and encouragement for dealing with stress and frustration that can be part of the process. Finally, as a co-developer for the first commercially available ChIP Kit, Dr. Jelinek tells the story of how this assay developed and became a gold-standard method for epigenetics. Tune in to this in depth and very helpful episode! Contact Epigenetics Podcast on X Epigenetics Podcast on Instagram Epigenetics Podcast on Mastodon Epigenetics Podcast on Bluesky Epigenetics Podcast on Threads Active Motif on X Active Motif on LinkedIn Email: [email protected]
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