The Holmes Archive of Electronic Music

• Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 2

  Episode 169 Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 2. Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let’s get started with the listening guide to Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 2 from my book Electronic and Experimental music.   Playlist: CLASSIC SYNTHESIZER ROCK— FROM TAPE COMPOSITION TO SYNTHESIZERS   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:34 00:00 1.     The Beatles, “Tomorrow Never Knows” (1966). Tape loops and Lennon’s voice fed through the rotating Leslie speaker of a Hammond organ. 02:57 01:42 2.     Spooky Tooth and Pierre Henry, “Have Mercy” (1969). Featured tape composition by the French composer of musique concrète as part of a collaborative rock opera. 07:55 04:40 3.     Emerson, Lake, & Palmer, “Lucky Man” (1971). Featured the Moog Modular played by Keith Emerson; one of the first rock hits in which a Moog was the featured solo instrument. 04:39 12:34 4.     Yes, “Roundabout” (1971). Featured the Minimoog, Mellotron, Hammond Organ and other electronic keyboards played by Rick Wakeman. 08:33 17:10 5.     Elton John, “Funeral for a Friend/Love Lies Bleeding” (1973). Featured the ARP 2600 played by Dave Henschel. 11:10 25:42 6.     David Bowie, “Speed of Light” (1977). Produced by Brian Eno. Used an EMS AKS synthesizer and Eventide H910 harmonizer for the electronic effects and sounds. 02:47 36:46 7.     Gary Wright, “Touch and Gone” (1977).  Used Polymoog, Clavinet, Oberheim, and Fender-Rhodes electronic keyboards. 03:58 39:32 8.     Gary Numan, “Cars” (1979).  Early synth-rock success using electronic keyboards without guitar. Multiple Polymoog synthesizers. 03:52 43:28 9.     The Art of Noise, “(Who’s Afraid Of?) The Art of Noise” (1984). Art rock devised by Anne Dudley and Trevor Horn exploring the sampling capabilities of the Fairlight CMI. 04:23 47:20 10.   Grace Jones, “Slave to the Rhythm” (1985). Featured the Synclavier programmed and played by Trevor Horn. 09:39 51:43   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

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• Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 1

  Episode 168 Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 1. Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let’s get started with the listening guide to Chapter 28, Moog Analog Synthesizers, Part 1 from my book Electronic and Experimental music.   Playlist: EARLY MOOG RECORDINGS (BEFORE 1970)   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:32 00:00 1.     Emil Richards and the New Sound Element, “Sapphire (September)” from Stones (1967). Paul Beaver played Moog and Clavinet on this album by jazz-pop mallet player Richards, who also contributed some synthesizer sounds. 02:21 01:44 2.     Mort Garson, “Scorpio” (1967) from Zodiac Cosmic Sounds (1967). Mort Garson and Paul Beaver. Incorporated Moog sounds among it menagerie of instruments. Garson went on to produce many solo Moog projects. 02:53 04:04 3.     Hal Blaine, “Kaleidoscope (March)” from Psychedelic Percussion(1967). Hal Blaine and Paul Beaver. Beaver provided Moog and other electronic treatments for this jazzy percussion album by drummer Blaine. 02:20 06:58 4.     The Electric Flag, “Flash, Bam, Pow” from The Trip soundtrack (1967). Rock group The Electric Flag. Moog by Paul Beaver. 01:27 09:18 5.     The Byrds, “Space Odyssey” (1968) from The Notorious Byrd Brothers (1968).  Produced by Gary Usher who was acknowledged for having included the Moog on this rock album, with tracks such as, “Goin’ Back” (played by Paul Beaver), “Natural Harmony,” and unreleased track “Moog Raga.” 03:47 10:48 6.     The Monkees, “Daily Nightly” from Pisces, Aquarius, Capricorn, and Jones Ltd. (1967). Moog effects provided by Micky Dolenz of the Monkees and Paul Beaver. 02:29 14:40 7.     Jean Jacques Perrey and Gershon Kingsley, “The Savers,” a single taken from Kaleidoscopic Vibrations (1967). The first Moog album by this duo known for their electro-pop songs. 01:48 17:08 8.     Wendy Carlos, “Chorale Prelude "Wachet Auf" from Switched-On Bach (1968). The most celebrated Moog album of all time and still the gold standard for Moog Modular performances. 03:34 18:54 9.     Mike Melvoin, “Born to be Wild” from The Plastic Cow Goes Moooooog (1969). Moog programming by Paul Beaver and Bernie Krause. 03:03 22:28 10.   Sagittarius, “Lend Me a Smile” from The Blue Marble (1969). This was a studio group headed by Gary Usher, producer of The Byrds, who used the Moog extensively on this rock album. 03:09 25:30 11.   The Zeet Band, “Moogie Woogie” from the album Moogie Woogie(1969). Electronic boogie and blues by an ensemble including Paul Beaver, Erwin Helfer, Mark Naftalin, “Fastfingers” Finkelstein, and Norman Dayron. 02:43 28:40   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

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• Chapter 27, Computer Music (1971–2014)

  Episode 167 Chapter 27, Computer Music (1971–2014). Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let’s get started with the listening guide to Chapter 27, Computer Music (1971–2014) from my book Electronic and Experimental music.   Playlist: EARLY MUSIC FROM MICROPROCESSORS   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:36 00:00 1.     David Behrman, “Figure in a Clearing” (1977). KIM- 1 computer- controlled harmonic changes for 33 electronic generators and accompanying cello. 19:10 01:40 2.     Dorothy Siegel, “Rondo from Sonata in B flat for Clarinet and Piano” (by Wanhal) (1979). Realized using an Altair S- 100 microcomputer. 03:53 20:52 3.     Larry Fast, “Artificial Intelligence” (1980). Music generated by a microcomputer self- composing program. 10:46 24:44 4.     Laurie Spiegel, “A Harmonic Algorithm” (1981). Created on an Apple II computer with Mountain Hardware oscillator boards. 03:05 35:30 5.     Nicolas Collins, “Little Spiders” (1982). For two microcomputers equipped with gestural sensing programs, that generated sounds based on analysis of keystrokes. 04:46 38:30 6.     Gordon Mumma, “Than Particle” (1985). For computer percussion and a percussionist. 10:16 43:30 7.     Morton Subotnick, “And the Butterflies Begin to Sing” (1988). For string quartet, bass, MIDI keyboard, and microcomputer. 06:38 53:50 8.     John Bischoff, Mark Trayle, Tim Perkis, “Dovetail” (1989). Three microcomputer programs interact and respond to each other in real time. 05:04 01:00:30 9.     Tim Perkis, “Wax Lips” (1992). Performed by The Hub, an electronic music ensemble networked by a Microcomputer. 04:37 01:05:32 10.   Jin Hi Kim, “Digital Buddha” (2014), recorded live at the Metropolitan Museum of Art.  Electric komungo, Jin Hi Kim; percussion, Gerry Hemingway; MAX/MSP programming, Alex Noyes. The world’s first electric komungo that his equipped with MIDI and controlled using MAX. The komungo is a traditional 6-string instrument from Korea. 12:33 01:10:08   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

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• Chapter 26, Early Computer Music (1950–70)

  Episode 166 Chapter 26, Early Computer Music (1950–70). Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let’s get started with the listening guide to Chapter 26, Early Computer Music (1950–70).  from my book Electronic and Experimental music.   Playlist: EARLY COMPUTER MUSIC (1950–70)   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:40 00:00 1.     Tones from Australia, 1951. All produced using the CSIR Mark 1 computer built at the CSIR’s radio-physics division in Sydney. The computer had a speaker—or hooter—to signal when operations were completed. A clever programmer thought of manipulating the signal tones into a melody. 02:18 01:42 2.     Alan Turing’s computer music. 1951. Recording made of tones generated by the mainframe computer at the Computing Machine Laboratory in Manchester, England. Snippets of the tunes God Save the King, Baa, Baa Black Sheep, and Glenn Miller’s swing classic In the Mood. Plus, the voices of computer lab members listening to the sound as it was recorded. Original acetate recording from 1951 restored by University of Canterbury composer Jason Long and Prof Jack Copeland. 01:55 02:36 3.     Max Mathews, “Numerology” (1960). Introduced by a narrator. From the album Music From Mathematics, Bell Telephone Laboratories. While working at Bell Labs in telecommunications research, Max Mathews was one of the earliest computer engineers to use a general-purpose computer to program music and digitally synthesize musical sound. His programming language Music I allowed composers to design their own virtual instruments, a breakthrough during those pioneering days of computer music. “Numerology” was composed to demonstrate the various parameters, or building blocks, available to the composer using this programming language: vibrato (frequency modulation), attack and decay characteristics, glissando, tremolo (amplitude modulation), and the creation of new waveshapes. 02:49 04:38 4.     John Robinson Pierce, “Beat Canon” (1960). Introduced by a narrator. From the album Music From Mathematics, Bell Telephone Laboratories. Played by IBM computer and direct to digital sound transducer. 00:52 07:28 5.     James Tenney, “Noise Study” (1961). So named because “each of the ‘instruments’ used in this piece includes a noise-generator.” 04:24 08:20 6.     “Bicycle Built For Two (Accompanied)” (1963) From the demonstration record Computer Speech - Hee Saw Dhuh Kaet (He Saw The Cat), produced by Bell Laboratories. This recording contains samples of synthesized speech–speech artificially constructed from the basic building blocks of the English language. 01:17 12:42 7.     Lejaren Hiller, “Computer Cantata, Prologue to Strophe III” (1963). From the University Of Illinois. This work employed direct computer synthesis using an IBM 7094 mainframe computer and the Musicomp programming language. 05:41 14:00 8.     J. K. Randall, “Lyric Variations For Violin And Computer” (1965-1968). J. K. Randall’s piece had a complex section that pushed the limits of computer processing power at the time. Although the section consisted of only 12 notes, each note was 20 seconds long. Each note overlapped with the next for 10 seconds, making the total length of the section only about 2 minutes. But this required 9 hours to process on one of the fastest computers of the day. 03:34 19:40 9.     John Robinson Pierce, “Eight-Tone Canon” (1966). “Using the computer, one can produce tones with overtones at any frequencies.” Produced at Bell Telephone Laboratories. 03:53 23:14 10.   Pietro Grossi, “Mixed Paganini” (1967). “Transcription for the central processor unit of a GE-115 computer of short excerpts of Paganini music scores. Realized at Studio di Fonologia musicale di Firenze (Italy). 01:46 27:08 11.   Pietro Grossi, “Permutation of Five Sounds” (1967). Recording made on the Italian General Electric label. Realized at Studio di Fonologia musicale di Firenze (Italy). Distributed in 1967 as a New year gift by Olivetti company. 01:33 28:54 12.   Wayne Slawson, “Wishful Thinking About Winter” (1970). Produced at Bell Telephone Laboratories. 03:53 30:26 13.   John Cage and Lejaren Hiller, “HPSCHD” excerpt (1967-1969). The piece was written for Harpsichords and Computer-Generated Sound Tapes. Hiller and Cage staged a lively public performance in 1968 at the University of Illinois in Urbana. The first 10,000 individual recordings came with an insert in the form of a computer printout insert designed to allow the listener to program their own performance. And I quote from the jacket: "The computer-output sheet included in this album is one of 10,000 different numbered solutions of the program KNOBS. It enables the listener who follows its instructions to become a performer of this recording of HPSCHD. Preparation of this material was made possible through the Computing Center of the State University of New York at Buffalo." I happen to have three copies of this album, each with the printout. 07:20 34:16 14.   Jean-Claude Risset, “Computer Suite From "Little Boy" (1968).  Realized at Bell Laboratories. 04:28 41:46 15.   Peter Zinovieff, “January Tensions” (1968). Zinovieff’s notes, from the album: “Computer composed and performed. This piece is very much for computer both in its realization and composition. The rules are straightforward. The computer may begin by improvising slowly on whatever material is first chooses. However, once the initial choices are made then these must influence the whole of the rest of the composition. The original sounds must occasionally be remembered and illustrated but a more and more rigid structure is imposed on the randomness. The piece was electronically realized and composed in real time by an 8K PDP8/S and electronic music peripherals.” 09:48 46:12 16.   Barry Vercoe, “Synthesism” (1969). Realized in the Computer Centers of Columbia and Princeton Universities using MUSIC 360 for the IBM 360 mainframe computer. Vercoe authored this musical programming language. 04:33 56:00 17.   Charles Dodge, “The Earth’s Magnetic Field” excerpt (1970). Composer Charles Dodge helped close the gap between computer music and other electronic music practices in 1969– 70 by working on computer code at Princeton University and then traveling to Bell Labs to have the code synthesized by a mainframe computer. The work, “Earth’s Magnetic Field” (1970) was an outcome of this process. Dodge realized this piece by fusing computer composition with synthesis, one of the earliest examples of a practice that would become the norm many years later but that was quite difficult at the time. He used a “general- purpose sound synthesis program” written by Godfrey Winham at Princeton University. Every sound in the piece was computed into digital form using the IBM/ 360 model 91 at the Columbia University Computer Center and then converted into analog form at the Bell Telephone Laboratories. 07:45 01:00:32 18.   Irv Teibel, "Tintinnabulation (Contemplative Sound)" from Environments (New Concepts In Stereo Sound) (Disc 2) (1970 Syntonic Research).  One side of the record is a rare work of purely electronic computer music in a series that otherwise consisted of natural ambient sounds. It used computer-generated bell sounds, falling back on Teibel’s experience processing sounds on an IBM 360 mainframe computer at Bell Labs. The record was promoted for meditation. A sticker on the cover read, "A Sensitizer for the Mind." From the liner notes: “As an illustration of the possibilities currently under examination, Syntonic Research decided to experiment with bell sounds as an environmental sound source. . . . Tintinnabulation can be played at any speed, from 78 to 16 rpm, in full stereo. At different speeds, the sounds change in tone and apparent size, although the harmonics remain unchanged. The effect, unlike real bells, is fully controllable by the use of your volume, bass, and treble controls.” 30:10 01:08:16   Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

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  1:39:27
• Chapter 25, Electronic Music from Japan, China, and The Asia-Pacific, Part 2

  Episode 165 Chapter 25, Electronic Music from Japan, China, and The Asia-Pacific, Part 2. Works Recommended from my book, Electronic and Experimental Music  Welcome to the Archive of Electronic Music. This is Thom Holmes. This podcast is produced as a companion to my book, Electronic and Experimental Music, published by Routledge. Each of these episodes corresponds to a chapter in the text and an associated list of recommended works, also called Listen in the text. They provide listening examples of vintage electronic works featured in the text. The works themselves can be enjoyed without the book and I hope that they stand as a chronological survey of important works in the history of electronic music. Be sure to tune-in to other episodes of the podcast where we explore a wide range of electronic music in many styles and genres, all drawn from my archive of vintage recordings. There is a complete playlist for this episode on the website for the podcast. Let’s get started with the listening guide to Chapter 25, Electronic Music from Japan, China, and The Asia-Pacific, Part 2.  from my book Electronic and Experimental music. In the playlist, the musical works are in chronological order by region (e.g., China, Taiwan).   Playlist: ELECTRONIC MUSIC FROM CHINA AND THE ASIA-PACIFIC   Time Track Time Start Introduction –Thom Holmes 01:39 00:00 China     1.     Fengjiangzou, “败臼,” (2021). From a survey of contemporary Chinese electronic music produced by the Unexplained Sounds Group. 03:36 01:40 2.     Yan Jun, “In A Sense That Yet To Be Made” (2022). From a cassette release. Yan Jun, musician and poet, born in Lanzhou and based in Beijing. 46:44 05:16 3.     Zhu Wenbo, Zhao Cong, Li Song, "3 lines" (live recording 2023 in Wujing, Beijing). “Sounds from transducer feedback, elastic ropes and other objects (foil, paper…).” Trio of improvising electronic musicians. 08:59 52:00 Taiwan     4.     Scattered Purgatory, “破城入山” (Ramming the Town, Roaming the Mountain) (2014). Experimental drone/folk/rock band from Taipei, Taiwan comprised of members Lu Li-Yang and Lu Jiachi. 07:48 01:00:58 5.     Mong Tong, “介紹 (Jiè Shào)” and “地府 (Dì Fǔ)” (2021). Mong Tong is a Taiwanese psychedelic music band formed by brothers Hom Yu and Jiun Chi. From the album, Music From Taiwan Mystery. 06:27 01:08:44 6.     Mong Tong, “天庭 (Tiān Tíng)” (2021). From the album, Music From Taiwan Mystery. 07:38 01:15:08 Thailand     7.     Rik Wachirapilun, “สังวาส (Fuck)” (1999). Rik is a Thai musician whose music combines elements from Thai, Indian, Arabic and Western New Wave/Indie Rock cultures. 04:15 01:22:46 Indonesia     8.     Otto Sidharta, “Gamelan” (1980). From the album, Otto Sidharta, Indonesian Electronic Music 1979-1992. 11:28 01:27:02 9.     Melcyd, “Hellephant” (2015). From the cassette compilation, Pekak! Indonesian Noise 1995-2015: 20 Years of Experimental Music from Indonesia. “Melcyd is an experimental music group that was born in the indie-pop scene of Yogyakarta city and shifted to a more experimental form in their later period as a music group.” 06:12 01:38:24 10.   Theonugraha, “Ngayau” (2015). From the cassette compilation, Pekak! Indonesian Noise 1995-2015: 20 Years of Experimental Music from Indonesia. 04:01 01:44:36 11.   To Die, “Di Lautan Kegamangan” (2015). From the cassette compilation, Pekak! Indonesian Noise 1995-2015: 20 Years of Experimental Music from Indonesia. A list of recordings can be found here. 04:25 01:48:38 Philippines     12.   Jose Maceda, “Ugnayan” excerpt (1973/2009). Ugnayan, music for 20 radio stations. This release is a stereo mix of the original twenty tracks recorded under the supervision of the composer in 1973 in the Philippines. 22:21 01:53:02 13.   Jose Maceda, “Strata” (1987). 19:42 02:15:22 New Zealand     14.   Douglas Lilburn, “The Return” (1965). Narrator, Tim Elliott; Technical Supervision, Willi Gailer; Maori Voice, Mahi Potiki. Tape work with voices. Douglas Lilburn (1915-2001) has been described as the "grandfather of New Zealand music," having worked in both conventional classical styles as well as pioneering electro-acoustic music in New Zealand. 17:00 02:34:58 15.   Annea Lockwood, “Tiger Balm” (1970/1987). Revised Tape, Annea Lockwood; Engineering Assistance, Peter Grogono. “Tiger Balm was originally mixed in 1970 at Peter Zinovieff's Putney Studio in London. It was revised by the composer in her own studio a number of years later. This is the revised version.” Born in New Zealand, Annea Lockwood moved to England in 1961, studying composition at the Royal College of Music, London and followed courses in electronic music with Gottfried Michael Koenig. 10:26 02:51:56 16.   Douglas Lilburn, “Soundscape with Lake and River” (1979). 11:01 03:02:22 17.   Ros Bandt, “Stack (Red Rhythmic Pulses In Red Paint and Electrified Steel)” (2000). Concept, composed, performed, sound design, art direction, design, photography, Ros Bandt. Bandt is a musicologist, sound sculptor and instrument designer. 09:57 03:13:22 18.   Rory Storm, “My Little Sun” (2005). Sound artist from New Zealand. Electric guitar, drum loop, bass guitar, keyboards, samples, acoustic guitar, field recording, vocals, tape, piano, ocarina, Metasynth, Rory Storm. 05:41 03:23:16   Opening and closing voicings, Anne Benkovitz. Additional opening, closing, and other incidental music by Thom Holmes. My Books/eBooks: Electronic and Experimental Music, sixth edition, Routledge 2020. Also, Sound Art: Concepts and Practices, first edition, Routledge 2022. See my companion blog that I write for the Bob Moog Foundation. For a transcript, please see my blog, Noise and Notations. Original music by Thom Holmes can be found on iTunes and Bandcamp.

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